But wouldn’t a cap on direct compensation be too extreme a step to take?
“Tolerating the vast gaps between those at the top and everybody else in this country,” responds Hildyard, would be “a far more extremist policy than putting a cap on annual earnings of £200,000 — enough to enable a lifestyle of absolute luxury compared to the vast majority of the population.”
An income in the United States equivalent to £200,000 would amount to over a quarter-million dollars.
Top UK corporate execs currently average 126 times the pay of average British workers, a gap substantially wider than the corporate pay divide in the rest of Europe but far lower than Corporate America’s astounding gap. U.S. CEOs, the Economic Policy Institute reports, last year averaged 320 times the compensation of average workers in their industries, up from 31.4 times in 1978.
Pay gaps as wide as these raise important moral questions.
“Should any individual,” the new British report asks, “be valued in excess of a hundred times more than another?”
Wide pay gaps raise a host of additional questions as well, on everything from overall levels of empathy within societies to great wealth’s influence over public policy. The new British report, for its part, focuses in on the economic impact of maldistributed income and wealth — at a time of corona crisis.
“In the aftermath of the pandemic, with many businesses operating at reduced capacity, it seems highly likely that the UK economy will be much smaller than previously envisaged for a considerable period of time,” the report notes. “It seems likely that significant falls in incomes and living standards will occur unless better methods of redistributing existing resources are found.”
That redistribution, concedes the new Paying for Covid: capping excessive salaries to save industries report, will require some political heavy lifting.
“If a painless pay increase for low (and middle) earners could be conjured up at no cost to anybody else,” as the report aptly quips, “it would probably have already happened by now.”
“Pay and incomes are not necessarily a ‘zero sum’ game where less for those at the top means more for everyone else,” the report goes on to observe. “But equally it would be naïve to think that there is no relationship between the two.”
“In Congress, senators Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren have joined with representatives Barbara Lee and Rashida Tlaib and introduced similar federal-level legislation.”
What sort of relationship? Researchers at Autonomy and the High Pay Centre have crunched the numbers — to show “the huge benefits and minimal costs that wage caps on the very highest earners could produce.”
One example: Capping UK corporate salaries at £187,000 — nearly $250,000 — would free up enough corporate cash to increase the basic adult British minimum wage from the current £8.72 to £10.50 an hour. A cap at £187,000 would only affect the UK’s top 0.6 percent of earners and “give pay rises to over 3 million workers.”
“If we capped excessive pay, we could end poverty pay,” notes one analyst impressed by the Autonomy-High Pay Centre numbers, former Labour Party senior policy adviser Andrew Fisher.
Would a move to cap excessive pay be politically viable in the UK today? The new Autonomy-High Pay Centre report includes the results from surveys conducted by Survation, a blue-ribbon London-based pollster. This polling found that the British public would “support a maximum wage” by a 54 percent to 29 percent margin, with 17 percent undecided.
If the UK had an executive pay cap in place, 31 percent of the public would like to see that lid set at £100,000, 24 percent at £200,000, and 14 percent at £300,000. Another 9 percent would place the cap at £1 million, with the remaining 21 percent unsure.
Could such levels of support for a maximum wage ever take root in the United States? The notion of an income cap actually has deep roots on this side of the Atlantic. Back in 1880, the philosopher Felix Adler — later the co-founder of the movement to ban child labor — proposed a 100 percent tax rate on income above the point “when a certain high and abundant sum has been reached, amply sufficient for all the comforts and true refinements of life.”
Such a levy, said Adler, would tax away “pomp and pride and power.”
Franklin Roosevelt attempted just that in 1942 when he proposed a 100 percent tax on all individual income over $25,000, about $400,000 in today’s dollars. FDR didn’t get his cap, but Congress did establish a 94 percent tax rate on income over $200,000, and the nation’s top marginal tax rate would hover around 90 percent for the next two decades, years that would see the emergence of a mass middle class in the United States, the first such class in the world.
That FDR income-capping spirit has re-emerged today in proposals to penalize companies that pay their top execs over 50 or 100 times what they pay their most typical workers. In Oregon, the city of Portland already has such legislation on the books, and a similar measure will appear on the San Francisco ballot this November 3.
In Congress, senators Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren have joined with representatives Barbara Lee and Rashida Tlaib and introduced similar federal-level legislation.
In a post-Trump America, proposals like these just might start to move — but only if we, like our progressive forbears back in the 1930s, really start to push.
